police chief
police chief. The head of a police department.
Search Results for: POLICE CHIEF
police department
police department 〈美〉警察局 市镇政府的一个职能部门，由警察局长〔chief of police〕、警察局巡官队长〔captains〕、副队长〔lieutenants〕、巡警官〔inspectors〕、巡佐〔sergeants〕、侦探〔detectives〕、巡警〔patrolmen〕、交警〔traffic officers〕以及其他属于广义上警察范围的官员组成，其职责在于维护社会治安，制止犯罪以及进行逮捕。
Commissioner of City of London Police
Commissioner of City of London Police 〈英〉伦敦市警察局局长(→chief constable)
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Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis
Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis 〈英〉大城市警察局局长(→chief constable)
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selective enforcement
selective enforcement. The practice of law-enforcement officers who use wide or even unfettered discretion about when and where to carry out certain laws; esp., the practice of singling a person out for prosecution or punishment under a statute or regulation because the person is a member of a protected group or because the person has
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praefectus urbi
praefectus urbi (pri-fek-t[schwa]s [schwa]r-bI). [Latin “prefect of the city”] Roman law. A senator charged with keeping law and order in the city of Rome. • This duty originated in the early Empire. The praefectus had both criminal and civil jurisdiction; the latter was gradually taken over from the praetor, although the praefectus’s civil jurisdiction was
magistrate
magistrate n. (1)最高统治者；首席官员 指某一政府机构中职位最高者，如皇帝、君主、总统、州长等。也称「chief magistrate」或「first magistrate」。 (2)公职文官 泛指由政府委派，包括行使立法、行政、司法职能的官员。 (3)治安法官；基层司法官员 一般指具有有限管辖权的、地方性的初级法官。在英国，通常称治安法官，为对刑事或准刑事案件具有简易裁判权〔summary jurisdiction〕的司法官员。有两类：一是荣誉治安法官〔honorary magistrate〕，由太平绅士〔justices of the peace〕组成；一是领薪治安法官〔stipendiary magistrate〕，通常被任命于人口较多的地区履行职责，其权限比普通的太平绅士要宽。在英国，magistrate还常用于这些词组中，如police magistrate, metropolitan magistrate, magistrates’ courts, resident magistrate(用于爱尔兰)等。在美国，许多州的司法系统中均有此类基层司法官员，常被冠以「magistrate」，「justices of the peace」，「police justices」等称呼。其权限由制定法规定，管辖范围一般以其任职所在县为限，其产生方式，有的州为选举，有的州为任命，具体职责因州而异，通常包括对机动车违章案件或破坏治安的案件举行听审，签发逮捕令、搜查令，决定是否准予保释，主持刑事案件的预审，处理小额民事案件等。联邦司法官〔U.S. magistrates〕为根据1968年的《美国司法官法》〔United States Magistrates Act〕规定设置的、由联邦地区法院法官任命的联邦基层司法官员，它取代了原来的美国司法专员〔U.S. commissioners〕，可以行使联邦法官的某些但非全部职权。
Judge’s Rules
Judge’s Rules 〈英〉法官规则 指导警察讯问犯罪嫌疑人或受到犯罪指控者的规则，例如何时应对被讯问者给予警告〔caution〕，他所说的话将被记录下来和用作证据，以及被告人作书面陈述应采用的形式等。法官规则可能源于1906年皇家首席大法官阿尔弗斯通〔L.C.J.Alverstone〕给伯明翰的警察局长〔Chief Constable〕的一封回信，对警察局长提出的就适当的警察侦查行为和讯问犯罪嫌疑人的方式方面给予建议的请求作了回答。1912年由王座庭的法官制定并通过了4条规则，1918年又增加了5条规则。1964年王座庭全体法官会议通过了一套新的规则。这套规则并不具有制定法或其他性质的效力，但它从总体上规定警察警告和讯问犯罪嫌疑人所适用的原则。只要警察遵守了这些规则，其行为就不会受到批评，所获取的信息也不会不被采纳，相反，若规则未得到遵守，法庭可拒绝采纳被告人的陈述作为证据。现在这些规则已被1984年《警察和刑事证据法》〔Police and Criminal Evidence Act〕第五部分及国务大臣的《程序法典》〔Codes of Practice〕中有关拘留、待遇和讯问方面的规定所取代。
frankpledge
frankpledge. Hist. A promise given to the sovereign by a group of ten freeholders (a tithing) ensuring the group’s good conduct. • The frankpledge was of Saxon origin, but continued after the Norman Conquest. The members of the group were not liable for an injury caused by an offending member, but they did act as